Toronto

English

	Ontario, Canada
	43.63 ° N 79.40 ° W
	77 m
	Cool temperate moist forest

Toronto- markers

Dfb

Mild continental humid climate

DCbo

Temperate continental climate with warm summer with cold winter

Traditional Koppen classification: Dfb (Mild continental humid climate)

Official definition:

D – temperature of the warmest month is higher than or equal to 10 °C and temperature of the coldest month is less than or equal to -3 °C.
f – precipitation is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year.
b - temperature of each of the four warmest months is higher than 10°C, but the temperature of the warmest month is less than 22 °C

In general it can be said that the D climate type can only be found in the Northern Hemisphere, northwards from the C climate zones, closer to the North Pole. The average temperature during the warmest month is higher than or equal to 10 °C, but in the winter the coldest month has an average value of less than -3 °C. In the winter it often snows and it tends to be quite windy and cold due to the polar and Arctic air masses.

Just like the Dfa type, precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year. In comparison to the Dfa however, summer is slightly colder and the warmest month does not have average temperature above 22 °C. The highest summer temperatures are still usually between 30 and 35 °C, in the winter it drops to -10 to -35 °C.

Precipitation is higher in the summer, but the difference is not very large. Most of the precipitation in the summer occurs during thunderstorms and so quite often there are longer dry periods between them.

This Dfb category includes for example parts of Northern U.S. (for example Buffalo or Calgary), Southern part of Canada (for example Ottawa), Southern part of Russia (for example Vladivostok), Western part of Central Europe or Southern part of Scandinavia (for example Helsinki).

Modern Trewartha classification: DCbo (Temperate continental climate with warm summer with cold winter)

In the Trewartha classification, the category D is like in the Koppen classification, assigned to regions in the temperate zone. The criterion for this type of climate is four to seven months with average temperature of more than 10 °C. In general it is further subdivided into two subtypes: oceanic and continental. These differ in their average temperature of the coldest month.

Temperate climate is characterized by four distinct seasons and there are substantial differences between the temperatures in the summer and in the winter, but the absolute values are not so extreme and the change is gradual.

The continental subtype is typical for regions located more inland and this also means the temperature variation is larger than that in case of the oceanic subtype. The coldest month has an average temperature of less than 0 °C. Summers are usually warmer, while winters colder with snow being quite common.

Continental D climate type can be found for example in parts of Northeast U.S., Central and Eastern Europe and usually these areas are quite densely inhabited.

warm summer: warmest month with average temperature between 18 and 23 °C
cold winter: coldest month with average temperature between -10 and 0 °C

Summary

8.1 °C
4.5 / 11.7

789.0 mm
139 days

61 %

5 h 32 min/day

Temperature

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Min Temperature(°C)	-7.9	-7.4	-2.8	2.5	7.7	12.8	16.2	16.4	12.6	6.8	1.9	-4.5	4.5
Average Temperature(°C)	-4.6	-4.1	0.5	6.3	12.0	17.2	20.6	20.3	16.3	10.1	4.7	-1.5	8.1
Max Temperature (°C)	-1.4	-0.9	3.6	10.0	16.2	21.7	25.0	24.2	20.0	13.4	7.4	1.4	11.7
Range	6.5	6.5	6.4	7.5	8.5	8.9	8.8	7.8	7.4	6.6	5.5	5.9	7.2

	Max month	Min month	Total annual range
Min Temperature	August	January	24.3°C
Average Temperature	July	January	25.2°C
Max Temperature	July	January	26.4°C
Temperature range	June	November	32.9°C

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Min Temperature(°C)
Average Temperature(°C)
Max Temperature(°C)

	March, April, May				June, July, August				September, October, November				December, January, February
	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range
Min Temperature	7.7	-2.8	2.47	10.5	16.4	12.8	15.13	3.6	12.6	1.9	7.10	10.7	-4.5	-7.9	-6.60	3.4
Average Temperature	12.0	0.5	6.27	11.5	20.6	17.2	19.37	3.4	16.3	4.7	10.37	11.6	-1.5	-4.6	-3.40	3.1
Max Temperature	16.2	3.6	9.93	12.6	25.0	21.7	23.63	3.3	20.0	7.4	13.60	12.6	1.4	-1.4	-0.30	2.8

Temperature

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Average Temperature (°C)	-4.6	-4.1	0.5	6.3	12.0	17.2	20.6	20.3	16.3	10.1	4.7	-1.5	8.1

	Max month	Min month	Total annual range
Average Temperature	July	January	25.2°C

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Average Temperature (°C)

	March, April, May				June, July, August				September, October, November				December, January, February
	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range
Average Temperature	12.0	0.5	6.27	11.5	20.6	17.2	19.37	3.4	16.3	4.7	10.37	11.6	-1.5	-4.6	-3.40	3.1

Humidity

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Average humidity (%)	71.0	67.0	62.0	55.0	55.0	55.0	54.0	56.0	59.0	61.0	67.0	71.0	8.1

	Max month	Min month	Total annual range
Average humidity	January, December	July	17.0%

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Average humidity (%)

	March, April, May				June, July, August				September, October, November				December, January, February
	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range
Average humidity	62.0	55.0	57.33	7.0	56.0	54.0	55.00	2.0	67.0	59.0	62.33	8.0	71.0	67.0	69.67	4.0

Precipitation

	Month												Monthly average	Annual total
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Monthly average	Annual total
Average monthly precipitation (mm)	51.0	50.0	60.0	63.0	67.0	68.0	69.0	80.0	76.0	61.0	71.0	73.0	65.8	789.0
Wetdays	15	13	13	12	12	9	9	9	10	10	13	14	12	139
Wetdays ratio (%)	48.4 15,16	46.4 13,15	41.9 13,18	40.0 12,18	38.7 12,19	30.0 9,21	29.0 9,22	29.0 9,22	33.3 10,20	32.3 10,21	43.3 13,17	45.2 14,17	38.1 38.082191780822,61.917808219178

	Max month	Min month	Max season	Min season	Total annual range
Average monthly precipitation	August	February	Summer	Winter	30.0mm
Wetdays	January	June, July, August	Winter	Autumn	6

	Month
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Average monthly precipitation (mm)
Wetdays per month

	March, April, May				June, July, August				September, October, November				December, January, February
	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total
Average monthly precipitation (mm)	67.0	60.0	7.0	190.0	80.0	68.0	12.0	217.0	76.0	61.0	15.0	208.0	73.0	50.0	23.0	174.0
Wetdays	13	12	1	37	9	9	0	27	10	5	5	25	15	13	2	42

Precipitation

	Month												Monthly average	Annual total
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Monthly average	Annual total
Average monthly precipitation (mm)	51.0	50.0	60.0	63.0	67.0	68.0	69.0	80.0	76.0	61.0	71.0	73.0	65.8	789.0

	Max month	Min month	Max season	Min season	Total annual range
Average monthly precipitation	August	February	Summer	Winter	30.0mm

	Month
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Average monthly precipitation (mm)

	March, April, May				June, July, August				September, October, November				December, January, February
	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total
Average monthly precipitation (mm)	67.0	60.0	7.0	190.0	80.0	68.0	12.0	217.0	76.0	61.0	15.0	208.0	73.0	50.0	23.0	174.0

Sunlight and Day length

	Average daily sunlight	Average day length	Max day length	Min day length	Sunlight/Day length
January	149 min 2 h 29 min	561 min 9 h 21 min 561,879	590 min 9 h 50 min (31.1.) 590,850	539 min 8 h 59 min (1.1.) 539,901	26.6 % 149,412
February	223 min 3 h 43 min	630 min 10 h 30 min 630,810	670 min 11 h 10 min (29.2.) 670,770	593 min 9 h 53 min (1.2.) 593,847	35.4 % 223,407
March	269 min 4 h 29 min	718 min 11 h 58 min 718,722	763 min 12 h 43 min (31.3.) 763,677	673 min 11 h 13 min (1.3.) 673,767	37.5 % 269,449
April	340 min 5 h 40 min	808 min 13 h 28 min 808,632	848 min 14 h 8 min (30.4.) 848,592	766 min 12 h 46 min (1.4.) 766,674	42.1 % 340,468
May	425 min 7 h 5 min	884 min 14 h 44 min 884,556	912 min 15 h 12 min (31.5.) 912,528	851 min 14 h 11 min (1.5.) 851,589	48.1 % 425,459
June	514 min 8 h 34 min	922 min 15 h 22 min 922,518	925 min 15 h 25 min (20.6.) 925,515	913 min 15 h 13 min (1.6.) 913,527	55.7 % 514,408
July	555 min 9 h 15 min	901 min 15 h 1 min 901,539	921 min 15 h 21 min (1.7.) 921,519	874 min 14 h 34 min (31.7.) 874,566	61.6 % 555,346
August	499 min 8 h 19 min	833 min 13 h 53 min 833,607	872 min 14 h 32 min (1.8.) 872,568	793 min 13 h 13 min (31.8.) 793,647	59.9 % 499,334
September	396 min 6 h 36 min	747 min 12 h 27 min 747,693	790 min 13 h 10 min (1.9.) 790,650	704 min 11 h 44 min (30.9.) 704,736	53.0 % 396,351
October	298 min 4 h 58 min	658 min 10 h 58 min 658,782	701 min 11 h 41 min (1.10.) 701,739	616 min 10 h 16 min (31.10.) 616,824	45.3 % 298,360
November	170 min 2 h 50 min	579 min 9 h 39 min 579,861	613 min 10 h 13 min (1.11.) 613,827	551 min 9 h 11 min (30.11.) 551,889	29.4 % 170,409
December	143 min 2 h 23 min	539 min 8 h 59 min 539,901	549 min 9 h 9 min (1.12.) 549,891	535 min 8 h 55 min (20.12.) 535,905	26.5 % 143,396
Year	359 min 5 h 59 min	732 min 12 h 12 min 732,708	925 min 15 h 25 min (31. 12.) 925,515	535 min 8 h 55 min (31. 12.) 535,905	49.1 % 359,373

	March, April, May				June, July, August				September, October, November				December, January, February
	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day
Average sunlight (min/day)	425	269	345	42.9% 345,459	555	499	523	59.0% 523,363	396	170	288	43.5% 288,373	223	143	172	29.8% 172,404
Day length	912	673	803	42.9% 345,459	925	793	885	59.0% 523,363	790	551	661	43.5% 288,373	670	535	575	29.8% 172,404

Day length

	Average day length	Max day length	Min day length
January	561 min 9 h 21 min 561,879	590 min 9 h 50 min (Array.1.) 590,850	539 min 8 h 59 min (1.1.) 539,901
February	630 min 10 h 30 min 630,810	670 min 11 h 10 min (Array.2.) 670,770	593 min 9 h 53 min (1.2.) 593,847
March	718 min 11 h 58 min 718,722	763 min 12 h 43 min (Array.3.) 763,677	673 min 11 h 13 min (1.3.) 673,767
April	808 min 13 h 28 min 808,632	848 min 14 h 8 min (Array.4.) 848,592	766 min 12 h 46 min (1.4.) 766,674
May	884 min 14 h 44 min 884,556	912 min 15 h 12 min (Array.5.) 912,528	851 min 14 h 11 min (1.5.) 851,589
June	922 min 15 h 22 min 922,518	925 min 15 h 25 min (Array.6.) 925,515	913 min 15 h 13 min (1.6.) 913,527
July	901 min 15 h 1 min 901,539	921 min 15 h 21 min (Array.7.) 921,519	874 min 14 h 34 min (31.7.) 874,566
August	833 min 13 h 53 min 833,607	872 min 14 h 32 min (Array.8.) 872,568	793 min 13 h 13 min (31.8.) 793,647
September	747 min 12 h 27 min 747,693	790 min 13 h 10 min (Array.9.) 790,650	704 min 11 h 44 min (30.9.) 704,736
October	658 min 10 h 58 min 658,782	701 min 11 h 41 min (Array.10.) 701,739	616 min 10 h 16 min (31.10.) 616,824
November	579 min 9 h 39 min 579,861	613 min 10 h 13 min (Array.11.) 613,827	551 min 9 h 11 min (30.11.) 551,889
December	539 min 8 h 59 min 539,901	549 min 9 h 9 min (Array.12.) 549,891	535 min 8 h 55 min (20.12.) 535,905
Year	732 min 12 h 12 min 732,708	925 min 15 h 25 min (21. 6.) 925,515	535 min 8 h 55 min (21. 12.) 535,905

	March, April, May			June, July, August			September, October, November			December, January, February
	Max	Min	Average	Max	Min	Average	Max	Min	Average	Max	Min	Average
Day length	912	673	803	925	793	885	790	551	661	670	535	575

Units